Pridružio se: 23 Sep 2004, 09:01 Postovi: 4094 Lokacija: Mejdan
_зока je napisao:
Hoćeš reći da je whey protein sintetički stvoren? Ne kontam šta si htio reći...
sto se kacis za moj post? pijan sam ne da mi se objasnjavati...
da, whey je sinteticki stvoren, nije vidio ni farme ni surutke... hemijska formula odgovara sadrzaju, ali ako ih uporedo rastvaras u laboratoriji, dve totalno razlicite stvari... jbg...
Popokatepetl je napisao:
Ja samo znam da sam ovo "zajebana urma" (u Braniiiinom slučaju "mušmula") ja prvi počeo koristiti i da ću da ga tužim za plagijat
jeb' se ti znas... kako da ga citiram u pm ne''s dobiti para i vozi...
_________________ ZP550
Poslednji put menjao Braneee dana 27 Dec 2012, 16:47, izmenjena samo jedanput
ali whey prasak/supstanca je hemijski izolovana iz nicega, obicna supstanca napravljena u laboratoriji...
Edukacija i edukacija, i opet, edukacija, citati, informisati se, zatim jos citati!!!
Gdje si ti nasao da je whey obicna supstanca napravljena u laboratoriji?
To me interesuje jer na sve i jednom, ali bas sve i jednom izvoru na netu (i u knjigama) pise da se whey dobija od surutke (whey i znaci surutka na engleskom, cisto za neupucene), dakle osnovni i pocetni izvor surutke je mlijeko (surutka ostane od sira, nakons to se mlijeko obradi u sir), a ti tvrdis totalno drugu stvar...
Evo prvi link sto sam nasao na google-u:
Citiraj:
Whey protein is the collection of globular proteins isolated from whey, a by-product of cheese manufactured from cow's milk. The protein in cow's milk is 20% whey protein and 80% casein protein,[11] whereas the protein in human milk is 60% whey and 40% casein.[12]
Proizvodi od surutke mogu se svrstati u 4 osnovne grupe:
fermentisani hidrolizovani koncentrovani sušeni proizvodi od surutke
Koncentrisani i sušeni
1. Surutka u prahu. Tehnoloski postupak sastoji se od separacije masti – pasterizacije – uparavanja[1] na 40-60% suve materije – kristalizacije laktoze u uređajima za hlađenje uz dodatak nukleusa kristalizacije – sušenja raspršivanjem.
Naročito izražen nedostatak surutke u prahu je hidroskopnost praha i sklonost ka zgrudnjavanju. Ove osobine zavise od stanja laktoze. Amorfna laktoza je ljepljiva, stvara probleme pri sušenju i prouzrokuje kod proizvoda hidroskopnost. Zbog ovoga se laktoza prevodi u kristalni a- hidratni oblik.
Kristalizacijom laktoze i instantizacijom praha moguće je proizvesti praktično nehidroskopan prah surutke.
Surutka u prahu koristi se i industriji konditora, hljeba, peciva, mliječnih i mesnih proizvoda, supa, sosova i drugim prehrambenim granama u kojima se koristi suva materija surutke kroz koncentrovanu surutku ili surutku u prahu.
Postupci za proizvodnju koncentrata proteina surutke
Pod surutkom se podrazumeva tečna faza koja se dobija u proizvodnji proteinskih mlečnih proizvoda (sira, kazeina). To je tečnost koja se izdvaja iz gruša posle koagulacije mleka enzimima, kiselinama i toplotom.
Preradom mleka u različite vrste sira ili kazein, neke komponente mleka prelaze u surutku u različitom procentu, pri čemu najviše pređe laktoze (preko 90%), mineralnih materija preko 80%, hidrosolobilnih vitamina preko 60%. Oko 20% azotnih materija mleka prelazi u surutku, a masti i liposolubilnih vitamina ispod 10%. Energetska vrednost surutke prosečno iznosi 1050 kJ/kg. Od toga najveći deo pripada laktozi, oko 49%, a proteinima oko 17% (Carić, 1990).
U proteine surutke ubrajaju se belančevine mlečnog seruma (nekazeinski proteini), kao i frakcije kazeina koje zaostaju nakon precipitacije enzimom ili kiselinom. Proteine surutke čine sledeće frakcije mlečnog seruma:
Frakcija albumina (80%)
β- laktoglobulin 55% α- laktoalbumin 20% albumin krvnog seruma 5%
Frakcija globulina (imunoglobulin) 10% Frakcija proteoza i peptona 10%
Oko 4% ukupnog kazeina mleka prilikom proizvodnje sira pređe u surutku, i to u vidu makropeptita κ-kazeina, koji se izdvaja u biohemijskoj fazi koagulacije, čini 0,01% surutkinih proteina. Velika biološka vrednost proteina surutke je posledica visokog sadržaja i povoljnog međusobnog odnosa esencijalnih aminokiselina, posebno izoleucina, lizina, treonina i triptofana. Količina slobodnih aminokiselina u suruci je 6-9 puta veća nego u mleku, što se objašnjava hidrolizom belančevina sirišnim fermentom i radom bakterija mlečne kiseline. Proteini surutke su, za razliku od kazeina, termolabilni i ireverzibilno se denaturišu na temperaturama višim od 70ºC.
Valorizacija surutke može sa se ostvari primenom različitih metoda, samostalno ili u kombinaciji. Prerada surutke se razvija u četiri osnovna pravca u okviru kojih postoji više metoda prerade: 1. Koncentrisanje i sušenje 2. Frakcionisanje 3. Hidroliza 4. Fermentacija
Jedan od najčešćih načina za dobijanje KONCENTRATA PROTEINA SURUTKE je primena separacionih metoda kao sto su: ultrafiltracija, dijafiltracija i gelfiltracija. Sastav komercijalnih preparata koncentrata proteina surutke prikazani su u tabeli 6.
ULTRAFILTRACIJA (UF) je membranski separacioni proces koji se odvija pod dejstvom pritiska, pri čemu se pored rastvarača razdvajaju i pojedine komponente iz rastvora, u zavisnosti od njihove veličine i strukture.
Ultrafiltracijom kroz membranu prolaze mali molekuli, kao što su voda, laktoza i soli, a veće i složenije molekule (makromolekuli), kao što su proteini i masti, membrana ne propušta (slika . Na taj način dobijamo visokomolekularnu frakciju sastavljenu od proteina i masti, koja se naziva koncetrat ili retentat, i niskomolekularnu frakciju, koju čine voda, soli, laktoza i aminokiseline i koja se naziva ultrafiltrat ili permeat. Ultrafiltracijom proteini surutke se koncetrišu do 80% u suvoj materiji . Radna temperatura je 50-55ºC.
I tako dalje, i tako dalje... Taman da se podsjetim davnih ispita
Braneee, ako vec iznosis tako smione tvrdnje, potkrijepi ih necim, iza mojih stoji svaki univerzitet i srodan tehnoloski institut, kao i mlijecna industrija, koji ce potvrditi lako iz prve ruke kako se dobija surutka u prahu. Jednostanvo, proces koji se decenijama vec vrsi u sklopu mlijecne proizvodnje, jer se negdje mora sa tolikom surutkom, ne smije se pustati u kanalizacije jer je veoma bioaktivna, a nemas gjde odlagati hektolitre i hektolitre koji se dnevno proizvedu u svakoj mljekari. Dakle, prerada susenjem, najlogicnije.
"Vjestacko sintetisanje ni iz cega" ne postoji, ne mozes iz vazduha dobiti nesto. Ako mislis na to da se dobija iz nafte ili neceg slicno omnipotentnog, nemoguce, najblaze receno jako tesko, ti procesi su veoma skupi, pogotovo kad bi se radilo na tako velike kolicine i kada bi moralo prolaziti takve kontrole kao sto prolazi jedna prehrambena namirnica.
Pridružio se: 23 Sep 2004, 09:01 Postovi: 4094 Lokacija: Mejdan
znas kako, spenkujte me na prvu, zaletio sam se bez argumenata... cime da ih potkrijepim kad nisam nikad vidio kako se proizvodi? znam samo ono sto me skolstvo naucilo... iznosim samo licna uvjerenja i zakljucke... da ti budem iskren nisam procitao ovo tvoje, javicu se sutra sa komentarom kad procitam i vidim izvore...
ono sto mogu da obecam je sledece, misija otici u postrojenje gdje prave whey, pa vidjeti sta i kako... svako od vas ima mogucnost uporediti whey i "izvuceno iz surutke", u laboratoriji na sumarstvu ce vam svi izaci u susret pa idite i testirajte, fotografisite i snimite, da vam se ne desi da budete bez argumenata... ono nece stajati univerzitet iza vas, ali bar ce te znati da ste u pravu...
Pridružio se: 07 Jul 2009, 13:22 Postovi: 5056 Lokacija: Banja Luka
dangerous.datula je napisao:
Omega 3 je kralj suplemenata, povoljno utice na sve moguce aspekte zdravlja (jer smanjuje upalne procese koji su losi za tijelo), pljackaski je preskupa kod nas i dobijate neke mizerne dozice (120/180 po kapsuli), koje su jedva dovoljne da te malo zagolicaju.
U svijetu fitnessa i bba, omega ima veliko svecano mjesto
Hoces smrsati ili dobiti misice, omega 3 mnogo pomaze u oba slucaja.
Omega 3, 500 ml, 10.8 eura sa aromom (ne smrdi na ribu i ne podrigujes na ribu), doza od 5 ml daje EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid): 825mg DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid): 550mg
Pricam danas sa likom u teretani, kako bih uzeo ovih omega 3 kapsula, kad ce on: Joj buraz nemoj se sa tim zajebavati, to te skorz procisti, kasnije se moras paziti masne hrane, mozes dobiti trombozu... WTF Lik me isprepada zivog...
_________________ Eins, zwei, eins, zwei build an empire, very Prussian! Exhaust gasses go into the turbocharger and spin it, witchcraft happens, and you go faster.
Samo jos jedan dokaz kako svako voli da se pravi pametan. Ja nikada nisam nigdje ni u jednom od clanaka naisao na to sto taj prica. Kamo srece da je samo to u pitanju...
Svakakvih se covjek gluposti naslusa u teretani, zato ni ne idem bez mp3 plejera u istu...
Omega 3 je kralj suplemenata, povoljno utice na sve moguce aspekte zdravlja (jer smanjuje upalne procese koji su losi za tijelo), pljackaski je preskupa kod nas i dobijate neke mizerne dozice (120/180 po kapsuli), koje su jedva dovoljne da te malo zagolicaju.
U svijetu fitnessa i bba, omega ima veliko svecano mjesto
Hoces smrsati ili dobiti misice, omega 3 mnogo pomaze u oba slucaja.
Omega 3, 500 ml, 10.8 eura sa aromom (ne smrdi na ribu i ne podrigujes na ribu), doza od 5 ml daje EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid): 825mg DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid): 550mg
Pricam danas sa likom u teretani, kako bih uzeo ovih omega 3 kapsula, kad ce on: Joj buraz nemoj se sa tim zajebavati, to te skorz procisti, kasnije se moras paziti masne hrane, mozes dobiti trombozu... WTF Lik me isprepada zivog...
Naprosto genijalno... Ne bih da ikog vrijeđam, ali činjenice govore - sve su šanse da je pomenuti junak neupućen-neuk, da je naivan i vjeruje u svakakve gluposti, da je nešto pomiješao, ili najgore, da je jednostavno glup pa je samostalno došao do takvog zaključka.
Evo ti razmisli, ako nakon normalne upotrebe kasnije možeš tako lako dobiti trombozu, ima li ikakve logike da bi taj suplement ili lijek, mogao da se kupi u svakoj apoteci i prodavnici zdrave hrane BEZ ikakvog recepta i koristi ljekarskog nadzora?
Koliko bi onda znao mladih momaka koji su dobili infarkt/moždani udar (logičan slijed tromboze), jer su koristili omegu, pogotovo što se koristi u velikim količinama na definiciji zbog održanja mišića, a onda ubrzo drastično smanjiš-prestaneš, i krećeš na masu gdje bude masnije hrane kao u priči?
To ti se danas zove "bro science", gdje svako svašta priča i iznosi svemirske tvrdnje ili o štetnosti, ili o superiornosti nečeg, a izvori su "iz glave" ili od nekog lika (bro-a). Kad god mi neko krene lupati takve stvari, samo kažem jednu stvar - pošalji mi reference od zvaničnih zdravstveno-istraživačkih centara na mail, da pročitam rad kojim se došlo do takvih zaljučaka. Onda bude, "eee, ma ja sam to čuo od jednog"... Neka hvala.
Na internetu takođe imaš mnogo "bro scienca", pogotovo ga koristi fitness industrija, gdje nađu istraživanje koje eventualno nagovještava da neka komponenta MOŽE malo bolje da utiče od druge, i odmah to koriste da istaknu kako je nepobjedivo superioran baš njihov proizvod jer sadrži istu u baš tom omjeru. Niko ne pita što u praksi to nema apsolutno nikakvog značaja, ni u promilima.
Eto i ti si se isprepadao a citiraš članke koje sam ostavio. Jesi li pogledao koje sve institucije i imena stoje iza istraživanja koja su korištenja u pisanju istog? Ali prirodna reakcija jeste da se čovjek uplaši jer je u pitanju zdravlje i život, pa makar takvu tvrdnju iznio potpuni stranac.
Spoiler:
1. Mason CM, Long J, Conroy C. Prescription Omega-3s: An Overview for Nurse Practitioners. The Journal of cardiovascular nursing 2011;26(4):290-97.
2. Baillie RA, Takada R, Nakamura M, Clarke SD. Coordinate induction of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase and UCP-3 by dietary fish oil: a mechanism for decreased body fat deposition. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids 1999;60(5-6):351-6.
3. Hill JO, Peters JC, Lin D, Yakubu F, Greene H, Swift L. Lipid accumulation and body fat distribution is influenced by type of dietary fat fed to rats. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 1993;17(4):223-36.
4. Ikemoto S, Takahashi M, Tsunoda N, Maruyama K, Itakura H, Ezaki O. High-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and obesity in mice: differential effects of dietary oils. Metabolism: clinical and experimental 1996;45(12):1539-46.
5. Su W, Jones PJ. Dietary fatty acid composition influences energy accretion in rats. The Journal of nutrition 1993;123(12):2109-14.
6. Cunnane SC, McAdoo KR, Horrobin DF. n-3 Essential fatty acids decrease weight gain in genetically obese mice. The British journal of nutrition 1986;56(1):87-95.
7. LeBoeuf RC, Veldee MS. Genetically determined body weight loss in mice fed diets containing salmon oil. The Journal of nutrition 1993;123(3):547-58.
8. Mori T, Kondo H, Hase T, Tokimitsu I, Murase T. Dietary fish oil upregulates intestinal lipid metabolism and reduces body weight gain in C57BL/6J mice. The Journal of nutrition 2007;137(12):2629-34.
9. Pan DA, Storlien LH. Dietary lipid profile is a determinant of tissue phospholipid fatty acid composition and rate of weight gain in rats. The Journal of nutrition 1993;123(3):512-9.
10. Belzung F, Raclot T, Groscolas R. Fish oil n-3 fatty acids selectively limit the hypertrophy of abdominal fat depots in growing rats fed high-fat diets. The American journal of physiology 1993;264(6 Pt 2):R1111-8.
11. Parrish CC, Pathy DA, Angel A. Dietary fish oils limit adipose tissue hypertrophy in rats. Metabolism: clinical and experimental 1990;39(3):217-9.
12. Ruzickova J, Rossmeisl M, Prazak T, Flachs P, Sponarova J, Veck M, et al. Omega-3 PUFA of marine origin limit diet-induced obesity in mice by reducing cellularity of adipose tissue. Lipids 2004;39(12):1177-85.
13. Clarke SD. Polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription: a mechanism to improve energy balance and insulin resistance. The British journal of nutrition 2000;83 Suppl 1:S59-66.
14. Clarke SD. Polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription: a molecular mechanism to improve the metabolic syndrome. The Journal of nutrition 2001;131(4):1129-32.
15. Clarke SD. The multi-dimensional regulation of gene expression by fatty acids: polyunsaturated fats as nutrient sensors. Current opinion in lipidology 2004;15(1):13-8.
16. Clarke SD, Baillie R, Jump DB, Nakamura MT. Fatty acid regulation of gene expression. Its role in fuel partitioning and insulin resistance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1997;827:178-87.
17. Clarke SD, Gasperikova D, Nelson C, Lapillonne A, Heird WC. Fatty acid regulation of gene expression: a genomic explanation for the benefits of the mediterranean diet. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2002;967:283-98.
18. Clarke SD, Jump DB. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription. Annual review of nutrition 1994;14:83-98.
19. Clarke SD, Thuillier P, Baillie RA, Sha X. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: a family of lipid-activated transcription factors. The American journal of clinical nutrition 1999;70(4):566-71.
20. Davidson MH. Mechanisms for the hypotriglyceridemic effect of marine omega-3 fatty acids. The American journal of cardiology 2006;98(4A):27i-33i.
21. Jump DB, Clarke SD, Thelen A, Liimatta M, Ren B, Badin M. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription. Progress in lipid research 1996;35(3):227-41.
22. Jump DB, Clarke SD, Thelen A, Liimatta M, Ren B, Badin MV. Dietary fat, genes, and human health. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 1997;422:167-76.
23. Nakamura MT, Cho HP, Xu J, Tang Z, Clarke SD. Metabolism and functions of highly unsaturated fatty acids: an update. Lipids 2001;36(9):961-4.
24. Ntambi JM, Bene H. Polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene expression. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 2001;16(2-3):273-8; discussion 79-84.
25. Price PT, Nelson CM, Clarke SD. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene expression. Current opinion in lipidology 2000;11(1):3-7.
26. Raclot T, Oudart H. Selectivity of fatty acids on lipid metabolism and gene expression. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 1999;58(3):633-46.
27. Moustaid-Moussa N, Berdanier CD. Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Health and Disease. 2nd ed ed: CRC Press, 2001.
28. Berdanier CD, Moustaid-Moussa N. Genomics and Proteomics in Nutrition. 1st ed ed: CRC Press, 2004.
29. Lapillonne A, Clarke SD, Heird WC. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and gene expression. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care 2004;7(2):151-6.
30. Hannah VC, Ou J, Luong A, Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Unsaturated fatty acids down-regulate srebp isoforms 1a and 1c by two mechanisms in HEK-293 cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 2001;276(6):4365-72.
31. Kim HJ, Takahashi M, Ezaki O. Fish oil feeding decreases mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) by down-regulation of SREBP-1c mRNA in mouse liver. A possible mechanism for down-regulation of lipogenic enzyme mRNAs. The Journal of biological chemistry 1999;274(36):25892-8.
32. Mater MK, Thelen AP, Pan DA, Jump DB. Sterol response element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) is involved in the polyunsaturated fatty acid suppression of hepatic S14 gene transcription. The Journal of biological chemistry 1999;274(46):32725-32.
33. Nakatani T, Kim HJ, Kaburagi Y, Yasuda K, Ezaki O. A low fish oil inhibits SREBP-1 proteolytic cascade, while a high-fish-oil feeding decreases SREBP-1 mRNA in mice liver: relationship to anti-obesity. Journal of lipid research 2003;44(2):369-79.
34. Shimano H, Yahagi N, Amemiya-Kudo M, Hasty AH, Osuga J, Tamura Y, et al. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 as a key transcription factor for nutritional induction of lipogenic enzyme genes. The Journal of biological chemistry 1999;274(50):35832-9.
35. Worgall TS, Sturley SL, Seo T, Osborne TF, Deckelbaum RJ. Polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease expression of promoters with sterol regulatory elements by decreasing levels of mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 1998;273(40):25537-40.
36. Xu J, Nakamura MT, Cho HP, Clarke SD. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 expression is suppressed by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. A mechanism for the coordinate suppression of lipogenic genes by polyunsaturated fats. The Journal of biological chemistry 1999;274(33):23577-83.
37. Yahagi N, Shimano H, Hasty AH, Amemiya-Kudo M, Okazaki H, Tamura Y, et al. A crucial role of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 in the regulation of lipogenic gene expression by polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Journal of biological chemistry 1999;274(50):35840-4.
38. Desvergne B, Wahli W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: nuclear control of metabolism. Endocrine reviews 1999;20(5):649-88.
39. Kersten S, Desvergne B, Wahli W. Roles of PPARs in health and disease. Nature 2000;405(6785):421-4.
40. Latruffe N, Vamecq J. Peroxisome proliferators and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) as regulators of lipid metabolism. Biochimie 1997;79(2-3):81-94.
41. Minnich A, Tian N, Byan L, Bilder G. A potent PPARalpha agonist stimulates mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation in liver and skeletal muscle. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2001;280(2):E270-9.
42. Nakatani T, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Takahashi M, Miura S, Ezaki O. Mechanism for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activator-induced up-regulation of UCP2 mRNA in rodent hepatocytes. The Journal of biological chemistry 2002;277(11):9562-9.
43. Power GW, Newsholme EA. Dietary fatty acids influence the activity and metabolic control of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in rat heart and skeletal muscle. The Journal of nutrition 1997;127(11):2142-50.
44. Schoonjans K, Staels B, Auwerx J. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARS) and their effects on lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1996;1302(2):93-109.
45. Krey G, Braissant O, L’Horset F, Kalkhoven E, Perroud M, Parker MG, et al. Fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic agents identified as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by coactivator-dependent receptor ligand assay. Mol Endocrinol 1997;11(6):779-91.
47. Delarue J, Matzinger O, Binnert C, Schneiter P, Chiolero R, Tappy L. Fish oil prevents the adrenal activation elicited by mental stress in healthy men. Diabetes & metabolism 2003;29(3):289-95.
48. Noreen EE, Sass MJ, Crowe ML, Pabon VA, Brandauer J, Averill LK. Effects of supplemental fish oil on resting metabolic rate, body composition, and salivary cortisol in healthy adults. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2010;7:31.
49. Diez JJ, Iglesias P. The role of the novel adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin in human disease. European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies 2003;148(3):293-300.
50. Nedvidkova J, Smitka K, Kopsky V, Hainer V. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein. Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca 2005;54(2):133-40.
51. Walker BR. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in obesity: cause or consequence? Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2001;11 Suppl A:S91-5.
52. Salehi M, Ferenczi A, Zumoff B. Obesity and cortisol status. Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 2005;37(4):193-7.
53. Bjorntorp P, Rosmond R. Obesity and cortisol. Nutrition 2000;16(10):924-36.
54. Pasquali R, Vicennati V, Cacciari M, Pagotto U. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2006;1083:111-28.
55. Couet C, Delarue J, Ritz P, Antoine JM, Lamisse F. Effect of dietary fish oil on body fat mass and basal fat oxidation in healthy adults. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 1997;21(8):637-43.
56. Huffman DM, Michaelson JL, Thomas T, R. . Chronic supplementation with fish oil increases fat oxidation during exercise in young men. . JEPonline 2004;7(1):48-56.
57. Delarue J, Couet C, Cohen R, Brechot JF, Antoine JM, Lamisse F. Effects of fish oil on metabolic responses to oral fructose and glucose loads in healthy humans. The American journal of physiology 1996;270(2 Pt 1):E353-62.
58. Hill AM, Buckley JD, Murphy KJ, Howe PR. Combining fish-oil supplements with regular aerobic exercise improves body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2007;85(5):1267-74.
59. Thorsdottir I, Tomasson H, Gunnarsdottir I, Gisladottir E, Kiely M, Parra MD, et al. Randomized trial of weight-loss-diets for young adults varying in fish and fish oil content. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007;31(10):1560-6.
60. Brilla LR, Landerholm TE. Effect of fish oil supplementation and exercise on serum lipids and aerobic fitness. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness 1990;30(2):173-80.
61. Warner JG, Jr., Ullrich IH, Albrink MJ, Yeater RA. Combined effects of aerobic exercise and omega-3 fatty acids in hyperlipidemic persons. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 1989;21(5):498-505.
62. Krebs JD, Browning LM, McLean NK, Rothwell JL, Mishra GD, Moore CS, et al. Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006;30(10):1535-44.
63. DeFina LF, Marcoux LG, Devers SM, Cleaver JP, Willis BL. Effects of omega-3 supplementation in combination with diet and exercise on weight loss and body composition. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2011;93(2):455-62.
64. Bays HE, Maki KC, Doyle RT, Stein E. The effect of prescription omega-3 fatty acids on body weight after 8 to 16 weeks of treatment for very high triglyceride levels. Postgraduate medicine 2009;121(5):145-50.
Spoiler:
References:
1. Bailey JL, Wang X, Price SR. The balance between glucocorticoids and insulin regulates muscle proteolysis via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1999;25(4-6):220-3.
2. Ross JA, Moses AG, Fearon KC. The anti-catabolic effects of n-3 fatty acids. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care 1999;2(3):219-26.
3. Ventadour S, Attaix D. Mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2006;18(6):631-5.
4. Whitehouse AS, Smith HJ, Drake JL, Tisdale MJ. Mechanism of attenuation of skeletal muscle protein catabolism in cancer cachexia by eicosapentaenoic acid. Cancer Res“2001;61(9):3604-9.
5. Whitehouse AS, Tisdale MJ. Downregulation of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis by eicosapentaenoic acid in acute starvation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2001;285(3):598-602.
6. Wing SS, Goldberg AL. Glucocorticoids activate the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system in skeletal muscle during fasting. The American journal of physiology 1993;264(4 Pt 1):E668-76.
7. Attaix D, Aurousseau E, Combaret L, Kee A, Larbaud D, Ralliere C, et al. Ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent proteolysis in skeletal muscle. Reprod Nutr Dev 1998;38(2):153-65.
8. Attaix D, Ventadour S, Codran A, Bechet D, Taillandier D, Combaret L. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and skeletal muscle wasting. Essays Biochem 2005;41:173-86.
9. Jagoe RT, Goldberg AL. What do we really know about the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in muscle atrophy? Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care 2001;4(3):183-90.
10. Mitch WE, Goldberg AL. Mechanisms of muscle wasting. The role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The New England journal of medicine 1996;335(25):1897-905.
11. Tisdale MJ. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a therapeutic target for muscle wasting. J Support Oncol 2005;3(3):209-17.
12. Fearon KC, Von Meyenfeldt MF, Moses AG, Van Geenen R, Roy A, Gouma DJ, et al. Effect of a protein and energy dense N-3 fatty acid enriched oral supplement on loss of weight and lean tissue in cancer cachexia: a randomised double blind trial. Gut 2003;52(10):1479-86.
13. Smith HJ, Greenberg NA, Tisdale MJ. Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid, protein and amino acids on protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle of cachectic mice. British journal of cancer 2004;91(2):408-12.
14. Smith HJ, Khal J, Tisdale MJ. Downregulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation in murine myotubes during hyperthermia by eicosapentaenoic acid. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2005;332(1):83-8.
15. Smith HJ, Lorite MJ, Tisdale MJ. Effect of a cancer cachectic factor on protein synthesis/degradation in murine C2C12 myoblasts: modulation by eicosapentaenoic acid. Cancer Res 1999;59(21):5507-13.
16. Smith HJ, Tisdale MJ. Induction of apoptosis by a cachectic-factor in murine myotubes and inhibition by eicosapentaenoic acid. Apoptosis 2003;8(2):161-9.
17. Delarue J, Matzinger O, Binnert C, Schneiter P, Chiolero R, Tappy L. Fish oil prevents the adrenal activation elicited by mental stress in healthy men. Diabetes & metabolism 2003;29(3):289-95.
18. Noreen EE, Sass MJ, Crowe ML, Pabon VA, Brandauer J, Averill LK. Effects of supplemental fish oil on resting metabolic rate, body composition, and salivary cortisol in healthy adults. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2010;7:31.
19. Rooyackers OE, Nair KS. Hormonal regulation of human muscle protein metabolism. Annual review of nutrition 1997;17:457-85.
20. Smith GI, Atherton P, Reeds DN, Mohammed BS, Rankin D, Rennie MJ, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment the muscle protein anabolic response to hyperinsulinaemia-hyperaminoacidaemia in healthy young and middle-aged men and women. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011;121(6):267-78.
21. Drummond MJ, Fry CS, Glynn EL, Dreyer HC, Dhanani S, Timmerman KL, et al. Rapamycin administration in humans blocks the contraction-induced increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis. The Journal of physiology 2009;587(Pt 7):1535-46.
22. Bodine SC, Stitt TN, Gonzalez M, Kline WO, Stover GL, Bauerlein R, et al. Akt/mTOR pathway is a crucial regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and can prevent muscle atrophy in vivo. Nature cell biology 2001;3(11):1014-9.
23. Rommel C, Bodine SC, Clarke BA, Rossman R, Nunez L, Stitt TN, et al. Mediation of IGF-1-induced skeletal myotube hypertrophy by PI(3)K/Akt/mTOR and PI(3)K/Akt/GSK3 pathways. Nature cell biology 2001;3(11):1009-13.
24. Baar K, Esser K. Phosphorylation of p70(S6k) correlates with increased skeletal muscle mass following resistance exercise. The American journal of physiology 1999;276(1 Pt 1):C120-7.
25. O’Neil TK, Duffy LR, Frey JW, Hornberger TA. The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phosphatidic acid in the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin following eccentric contractions. The Journal of physiology 2009;587(Pt 14):3691-701.
26. Mansilla MC, Banchio CE, de Mendoza D. Signalling pathways controlling fatty acid desaturation. Sub-cellular biochemistry 2008;49:71-99.
27. Stillwell W, Wassall SR. Docosahexaenoic acid: membrane properties of a unique fatty acid. Chemistry and physics of lipids 2003;126(1):1-27.
28. Armstrong VT, Brzustowicz MR, Wassall SR, Jenski LJ, Stillwell W. Rapid flip-flop in polyunsaturated (docosahexaenoate) phospholipid membranes. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 2003;414(1):74-82.
29. Stillwell W, Shaikh SR, Zerouga M, Siddiqui R, Wassall SR. Docosahexaenoic acid affects cell signaling by altering lipid rafts. Reprod Nutr Dev 2005;45(5):559-79.
30. Smith GI, Atherton P, Reeds DN, Mohammed BS, Rankin D, Rennie MJ, et al. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2011;93(2):402-12.
31. Cuthbertson D, Smith K, Babraj J, Leese G, Waddell T, Atherton P, et al. Anabolic signaling deficits underlie amino acid resistance of wasting, aging muscle. The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2005;19(3):422-4.
32. Guillet C, Prod’homme M, Balage M, Gachon P, Giraudet C, Morin L, et al. Impaired anabolic response of muscle protein synthesis is associated with S6K1 dysregulation in elderly humans. The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2004;18(13):1586-7.
33. Rasmussen BB, Fujita S, Wolfe RR, Mittendorfer B, Roy M, Rowe VL, et al. Insulin resistance of muscle protein metabolism in aging. The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2006;20(6):768-9.
34. Hawley JA, Tipton KD, Millard-Stafford ML. Promoting training adaptations through nutritional interventions. Journal of sports sciences 2006;24(7):709-21.
36. Rennie MJ, Wackerhage H, Spangenburg EE, Booth FW. Control of the size of the human muscle mass. Annual review of physiology 2004;66:799-828.
Jedino što mi pada na pamet, da je momak pomiješao omegu 3 sa antikoagulansima (lijekovi za razrjedjivanje krvi) ali opet trebaš biti baš biser da dodješ do takve poveznice
Pridružio se: 07 Jul 2009, 13:22 Postovi: 5056 Lokacija: Banja Luka
Moram se isprepadatai, kad mi covjek udari na masnu hranu. I ja sam kontao da lupa, vjerovatno mi je pokusavao prodati nesto skuplje...
_________________ Eins, zwei, eins, zwei build an empire, very Prussian! Exhaust gasses go into the turbocharger and spin it, witchcraft happens, and you go faster.
Stvarno nesavjesno, pocetniku davati brzi estar, šta treba nevješt čovjek da se bode svaki dan ne bi li se kako ubio embolijom?
I još pored etanata Galenikinog, čistog medicinskog, da nabavlja kojekakve undergrounde? Pfff Omare, hajde što navodiš na zlo ljude, ali gdje je kupujmo domaće duh?
Korisnici koji su trenutno na forumu: Nema registrovanih korisnika i 1 gost
Ne možete postavljati nove teme u ovom forumu Ne možete odgovarati na teme u ovom forumu Ne možete monjati vaše postove u ovom forumu Ne možete brisati vaše postove u ovom forumu Ne možete slati prikačene fajlove u ovom forumu
Prijavite se
Registruj se
FAQ
Pretraga
. Na taj način dobijamo visokomolekularnu frakciju sastavljenu od proteina i masti, koja se naziva koncetrat ili retentat, i niskomolekularnu frakciju, koju čine voda, soli, laktoza i aminokiseline i koja se naziva ultrafiltrat ili permeat. Ultrafiltracijom proteini surutke se koncetrišu do 80% u suvoj materiji . Radna temperatura je 50-55ºC.
Lik me isprepada zivog...
